Abstract
Remember quickly that the Congo has lived from 1968, under a system of one-party, Marxist-Leninist which was dominated by soldiers. The National Conference, from February to June 1991, reinstated the multi-party system. The year 1992, created a situation of political turmoil who was dominated by urban guerrillas. The established political order, after the National Conference, proved to be rather the expression of a certain type of factionalism, based on three powerful parties associated with the local militias.
In 1992, following various (municipal, legislative and presidential elections) responsible for developing a multi-party system, three parties in twenty apply widely in winning more than 70% of the vote: the PAUSD (Pan-African Union for Social Democracy) of P.Lissouba, CMDID (Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development) by B.Kolélas and the CLP (Congolese Labor Party) the former single party, led by D. Sassou-Nguess. (F. Weissman, 1993)
These parties control the following militias: the Governmental Reserve, the Zulu, the Mamba, the Ninja and the Cobra. The first three support the PAUSD; the Ninja support the CMDID and the Cobra, the CLP. These militias were fighting on two occasions: in 1993-1994, which followed the dissolution of the National Assembly, and, in 1997, on the eve of the elections marking the end of the first term to reinstitute a multiparty system.
