Abstract
In 1914, Europe was at the head of its power. It represented 25% of global population and held a large share of wealth (e.g. coal production). London was the central financial place. America was in debt to Europe. 80% of foreign investments were carried out in Europe. Holland had an Empire 60 times larger than its own land size, Belgium 80 times larger and Great Britain 150 times bigger…
How can we explain the rise of imperialism?
There are two main economic explanations:
-Marx considered imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism. Competitive business is replaced by great monopolies which control imports and exports. The State follows the interest of the State. The army, the Navy and colonial civil services are concerned. In this context, civilizing the natives means integrating them in the capitalist world. It occurred in a context of rapid industrialisation described by Marx. Colonial domination was characterized by a high return of investment.
