Sound cinema, television history, phonograph, stereophony, electronic music, sampler, BPM, sound amplification, film industry, TV broadcasting
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Abstract
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Abstract
Explore the evolution of sound in film and television, from the invention of the phonograph to modern electronic music instruments.
Extract
[...] What did sound do to cinema? Sound had an impact on the mise en scène, the audience and the actor's performance. Firstly, with the arrival of sound, the actors' facial expressions become very marked. We also discover the voices of the actors and actresses, which can sometimes lead the audience to a disappointment in relation to social norms. We expect men to have deep voices, while women should have softer and higher-pitched voices. Next, we set up 'Ice Box' to avoid unwanted sounds and place the cameras inside. [...]
[...] It is the equivalent of the ostinato in classical music. Synthé (synthesizer) Electronic keyboard instrument that controls and synthesizes the different parameters of a given sound and can thus reproduce the sonic characteristics of most traditional musical instruments or produce a completely artificial sound. Beat « Beat A beat can be created from a scratch. Scratcher, it's the fact of producing sounds by manipulating a record from front to back on a turntable. BPM (beats per minute) Unit of measurement for the tempo of music (or heart rate: between 60 and 100 bpm for a 'normal' rhythm). [...]
[...] - stereophony: set of procedures for transmission or recording, reproduction and diffusion of sounds. 1881: installation of microphones at the Opéra Garnier on each side of the box of the prompter - we will speak later of théâtrophone. « You put two ear covers in your ears that correspond to the wall, and you hear the representation of the Opera, you change the ear covers and you hear the Théâtre-Français you change again and you hear the Opéra-Comique - Commercialisation in 1889 by the Théâtrophone Company. [...]
[...] Amplification of Sound in Halls" 2. The Phonograph and its Functions 3. Clément Ader, Pioneer of Stereophony 4. What has Sound Done to the Cinema? 5. Television, a Talking Machine 6. Visual Movements or Illusions Caused by Sound 7. Electronic Sounds 1. Amplification of Sound in Halls Since 1918, sound can be recorded on film but a problem remains, that of amplification in large halls. From 1929, one has access to better speakers since they are moved from the orchestra pit (in front of the screen) to the back of the screen. [...]
[...] The phonograph and its functions 1877: invention of the phonograph and its functions (list published in an article of the North American Review 1. the writing of letters and all sorts of dictations without the help of a stenographer. 2. Phonograph books that will speak to the blind without any effort on their part. 3. the teaching of elocution. 4. Music - the phonograph will no doubt be largely devoted to music. 5. The family archive: preservation of the words, voices, and last words of family members, as well as great men on the point of death. 6. Music box, toys etc. 7. [...]
