The African women in the twentieth century
Essay - 2 pages - Modern history
Traditionally and historically, women are considered as invisible: wars are fought by men; money is earned by men; nations are led by men etc. The only roles held by women are reproduction and housekeeping. However, since the middle of the 1970s, gender issues have become an important theme....
The new post colonial state and development
Essay - 3 pages - Modern history
Started in 1957 when Ghana gained its independence from Britain, the process of decolonization of tropical Africa was the inevitable consequence of two main watersheds that both occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century: the great depression and the Second World War; 'if the...
Miners in the colonial and post-colonial Africa
Essay - 3 pages - Modern history
After the abolition of the slave trade at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Europeans intensified their capital penetration in the African continent and 'established mercantile links between West Africa and Europe', as part of the 'legitimate' commerce. Indeed, natural...
19th century commerce in coastal West Africa
Essay - 3 pages - Modern history
The nineteenth century has been a turning point in the West African economic history. Indeed, the transition from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century marked the intensification of commerce. As a result of the industrial revolution which took place in Europe, especially in Britain, the demand...
History of Turkish revolution : the reforms
Essay - 3 pages - Modern history
Since its creation in 1923, The Republic of Turkey has been lead by the idea of modernization. Both the social and the political order was radically changed by the revolution that established the new regime due to Kemal Atatürk's role during and after the war of liberation. The Ottoman...
Racial segregation and ethnic minorities in the United States
Essay - 4 pages - Modern history
Racism has always existed in the world. But, the place where racial segregation was the strongest and still is, is the United States of America. From the Civil war (1861-1865) to 1964 when the Civil Rights Act was proclaimed, ethnic minorities, and especially the Blacks, underwent on behalf of...
Russian minorities in Central Asia
Essay - 6 pages - Modern history
As citizens of countries which they consider not to be theirs, the Russians of Central Asia have faced a loss of identity and a collapse of their influence since the end of the USSR. The presence of Russians in Central Asia is a consequence of military conquests which really started in the 19th...
Was the Rebellion of 1857-58 the First Indian War of Independence?
Essay - 5 pages - Modern history
In 2007, India celebrated the 150th anniversary of "India's First War of Independence" event which is called by the British the "Sepoy Mutiny" These two different denominations reflect a deep opposition regarding the Rebellion and emphasize the political character of the Rebellion. Considered...
The failure of Woodrow Wilson to win the consent of the Senate for ratification of the Treaty of Versailles
Essay - 4 pages - Modern history
The Treaty of Versailles put a final conclusion to the World War I in June 1919, but the consequences of this 6-month bitter negotiation between the "Big Three" had the greatest influence on the course of the following twenty years. The Armistice signed on November 11th, 1918 had formerly ended...
Colonial / Imperial exhibitions in France and Britain (including human zoos)
Essay - 4 pages - Modern history
The colonial exhibitions were organized during the new imperialism period, approximately between 1870 and 1935. During this period, Britain, France and Germany fought for new territories and practically colonized the entire world. But at this time, people didn't care so much about colonial...
Was the establishment of a specifically Jewish state in Palestine the most favorable way for Britain to protect its post-WWI imperial interests in the Middle East?
Essay - 10 pages - Modern history
History textbooks that deal with the birth of the Zionism repeatedly take for granted a major component of the movement's early success underlying British support. The beginning of the history of Israel is commonly preoccupied with Theodor Herzl or the Balfour Declaration, but very rarely is...
Constantinople: the Key to European Balance in the pre First World War World
Essay - 4 pages - Modern history
One can view the First World War and claim that it was fought for a complex web of rationales by a complex web of interdependent actors and the events of June 1914 sent the whole system into a state of madness and disarray. However, one can also claim that Europe was systematically into two...
The Quebec Liberation Front
Essay - 2 pages - Modern history
The "Front de Libération du Québec" was a nationalist and Marxist revolutionary group, using propaganda and terrorism in Quebec, a province of Canada. It is responsible for a series of bombings and deaths during the 1960's and 1970's. The felquistes (the name given to its members) claimed...
McCarthyism : myths, realities of the "red scare" and its perception in Europe
Essay - 8 pages - Modern history
The first obstacle might be to define what McCarthyism was. Globally, it refers to a specific era in the political history of the United States in which communism was fought. However, McCarthyism overcomes the political aspect and deals with the social life in the United States. Indeed, it had...
Immigration, race & ethnicity in France : how and why did political reactions to immigrants change during the 1970s?
Essay - 4 pages - Modern history
Immigration is an old phenomenon in France, which was the subject of the will for most French governments, due to France's demographic lifelessness. During the post-war period, France wilfully resorted to immigration in order to make up for the lack of workforce, which was mandatory for...
The Meiji Era and the Role of Kido Koin in the Modernization of Nineteenth-century Japan
Essay - 3 pages - Modern history
The great changes of the Meiji era have been significantly impacted by the life of Kido. The similarity can be drawn through various phases. Firstly, Kido was identified as one of the leaders who was powerful enough in 1868 to restore the crown as ?emperor' and retain the central position of...
Irish Republican Army (IRA): terrorist or resistant organisation?
Essay - 7 pages - Modern history
IRA, also called Provisional Irish Republican Army, is a paramilitary organization which fights for the end of British domination in Northern Ireland to realize the total independence of Ireland. In Ireland, many organizations tried to be called by the name of Irish Republic Army. The first...
Culture & leadership
Essay - 14 pages - Modern history
First of all, it is necessary to have a clear and simple definition of culture. So, “culture can be defined as all the behaviors, arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation. Culture has been called "the way of life” for an entire...
The development of various forms of resistance -economic, ideological, political- to British policies in North America from 1763 to 1776
Essay - 5 pages - Modern history
"Whence precede these laws? From our government. Whence that governement? It is derived from the original genius and strong desire of the people ratified and confirmed by the Crown. This is the great chain which links us all, this is the picture which every province exhibits? J. Hector St. John...
Was signal and image intelligence really more important than human intelligence during the Cold War?
Essay - 5 pages - Modern history
With the impact of World War 2, ?Intelligence', has acquired a different position from the war perspective. Undeniably, intelligence has gained importance as it has been used as a key element in the war process. Additionally, it helps in developing news techniques and technologies especially...
US intervention in Guatemala and Bolivia in the 1950's
Essay - 5 pages - Modern history
Ever since the early days of European colonization, Latin America has always been a hotbed of unequal distribution of wealth. Latin American economies suffer from disproportionately high rates of inequality, with the richest ten percent of the populace bringing in up to 51.5 percent (Brazil,...
The Red Maestro: Leopold Trepper and the Communist European Spy Network of World War II
Essay - 11 pages - Modern history
There was obviously a good amount of rhyme and reason to the Nazi Abwehr's technical jargon. Each codename had its own justification, and worked fairly well on a metaphorical level. From calling forgers “cobblers” (due to the amount of overlap between shoemaking tools and forging...
Impact of World War I on the American home front
Essay - 8 pages - Modern history
The First World War (WWI), the Great War that ended all wars initiated by the Allied and Associated Powers based on the opposition to the Central Powers of Austria-Hungry, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire was the most destructive and by the most costly to the nations involved. What is...
President Truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima: Was there a realistic alternative to this course of action? - publié le 21/01/2009
Essay - 6 pages - Modern history
On the morning of August 6, 1945, the United States dropped, on the city of Hiroshima, the first of the only two nuclear bombs ever employed against human population, killing more than 115.000 people - probably as many as 250.000 according to the highest estimates - and injuring at least another...
The treaty of Versailles - publié le 21/01/2009
Essay - 4 pages - Modern history
World War I (1914-1918) left the European continent completely devastated (especially France and Belgium). Human and material losses were massive. Indeed, about 10 million lives had been lost during the war. In order to prevent this nightmare from happens again, the victorious powers (the...
European diplomacy: from the Bismarckian System and the Realpolitik to the pre-WW1 Alliances and the Weltpolitik - publié le 19/01/2009
Essay - 5 pages - Modern history
From 1872 to 1907, a series of alliances are formed among European major powers. The international system formed by German chancellor Bismarck in order to ensure Germany's hegemony within Europe and prevent a possible French revenge disappears in 1890. Then, the European powers gather in two...
The failure of the Arusha Process in the Rwandese Crisis - publié le 16/01/2009
Essay - 11 pages - Modern history
The 1994 Rwandese genocide happened in the following of a civil war which had begun more than three years earlier. In October 1990, the Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF), which gathered the Rwandese who were refugees in south Uganda (mostly since the decolonization period at the end of the 1960s),...
Truman and the post-war years - publié le 16/01/2009
Essay - 6 pages - Modern history
During and due to the War economy, the American factories had been very active. They bustled with triple shifts. The US had eventually absorbed one of the most severe attacks launched on its values. However the role of the family and women within, it highlighted the uncertainties facing the...
The American Revolution 1776-1783 - publié le 16/01/2009
Essay - 5 pages - Modern history
The American Revolution is one of the biggest events that durably affected the American population: first this conflict was the only one that ever took place on their territory, and secondly it opposed American people themselves in a merciless civil war. Before 1775, the American territory was a...
The Cecchini report - 20 years later
Essay - 4 pages - Modern history
With the Maastricht Treaty, in 1992, the European Community will now be a single market composed of twelve countries, with no more barriers between them. This change was of course studied and analyzed before coming into force. The European Commission, in 1986, mandated Mr Cecchini to make an...
