Industrial Revolution, digital transformation, ICT sectors, technological revolutions, General purpose technologies, digital economy, innovation, technical progress, capitalism
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The document discusses the different industrial revolutions, from the 1st to the 4th, and their impact on the economy and society, with a focus on the role of digital technologies.
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[...] - A 2nd digital wave marked by the advent of new tech "NTIC" (Computer science and telecommunications networks (terrestrial, satellite . ) Is digital a revolution? Considered as a 3rd revolution A industrial revolution : - The term 'industrial revolution' refers to the period of transformation of the productive system that affected Europe in 1780 and 1880. - The term 'industrial revolution' was first used by F. Engels (1820-1895), in Socialism Utopian and Scientific (1880). It was popularized by historians A. Toynbee (1852-1883) and P. [...]
[...] Mantoux (The Industrial Revolution in the 18th Century, 1905). According to J.P Rioux, the industrial revolution accomplished the process of forming the complete mode of capitalist production. It marks a decisive stage of transition from an incomplete, pre-capitalist stage, to a stage where the fundamental characteristics of capitalism prevail: continuous technical progress, capital mobilized for profit, and a clearer separation between a bourgeoisie owning the means of production and wage-earners. The Industrial Revolution implies a deep break with previous production systems, but this does not mean that the movement was rapid. [...]
[...] ) - ICT-distributing sectors (wholesale trade in information equipment . ) - ICT services sectors (telecommunications, information services, audiovisual services . ) In 2015, in France, the digital sector represented of the GDP and of the commercial employment. of the US GDP. The digital economy will represent 17% of the world's GDP by 2028, according to Forrester. The terminology "digital" imposes itself with the term "NTIC" "new tech of info and com" according to Breton Proulx. Web application of the internet / the internet is the network that will allow to route its data on computers. [...]
[...] 12 million servers = machine with storage space to process information. Google has 900k servers, Netflix has 18k. Amazon has 5 million, Open AI has 350k. 2 billion desktop and laptop computers in the world billion laptops. This proves that digital is a heavy eco system in terms of weight. 1,900 billion sites vs 4 million apps. Applications have represented around 65% of public advertising expenses. The ICT sectors The OECD identifies the ICT sectors as follows: - ICT-producing sectors (computer and TV, radio equipment manufacturing . [...]
