The question of the adoption of the Euro by the United Kingdom
Essay - 3 pages - European union
The Euro was introduced as a single currency on January 1st, 1999 in the European Union and replaced national currencies. Put in circulation on January 1st, 2002 under its fiduciary shape, the Euro succeeded the European Currency Unit (ECU), established in 1979. The Euro is today common to...
Great Britain and Europe
Essay - 3 pages - European union
In 1950, the French Foreign Secretary Robert Schuman set out his idea of a Coal and Steel Community between France and Germany, which would be an organization open to some other European countries if they would accept the idea of a supra-national power. Great Britain refused to be part of it. The...
The President of the European Council
Essay - 3 pages - European union
After years of ongoing debate over the need or not of a European presidency, on November 19th, the European Union Heads of States and Governments elected unanimously the first stable and permanent President of the European Council under the Treaty of Lisbon, entering into force two weeks later....
National Parliaments and the European Union
Essay - 5 pages - European union
In November 2009, European Parliament President Jerzy Buzek said that the Lisbon Treaty will improve the European Union's democratic functioning, for national parliaments and citizens alike, noting that it will increase contacts between the European Parliament and the national parliaments,...
The European Stability and Growth Pact in the International Crisis
Essay - 3 pages - European union
The European Council created the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), an agreement among the 16 members of the European Union who take part in the Eurozone, to facilitate and maintain the stability of the Economic and Monetary Union. The pact was adopted in its Amsterdam session on 17 June 1997 in...
The High Representative of Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
Essay - 5 pages - European union
This paper will examine the new role of The High Representative of Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (‘High Representative') that came into force in 2009 following the Lisbon Treaty signed in 2007. First, the historical background will be discussed followed by the exploration of...
European Union representation in international forums
Essay - 5 pages - European union
American diplomat and political scientist, Henry Kissinger, once asked, "Who do I call when I want to speak to Europe?" In other words, he was wondering what exactly Europe has in place for its representation on the international stage. This is a valid query in light of the fact that there are...
European citizenship and the protection of rights for European residents
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The Treaty on European Union, also called the Maastricht Treaty, created the European Union on 7 February 1992 and introduced the concept of a single European citizenship for its member states. Since the Treaty of the European Union, European citizenship has developed considerably, notably in the...
A limited effective cohesion policy in an enlarged European Union
Essay - 3 pages - European union
Cohesion is an important facet of integration that is necessary in the European Union, it is related to the solidarity between the citizens among different Member States and the justice inside the European Union. A substantial budget is allocated for the Cohesion Policy which aims at aiding less...
The external dimension of European Union immigration and asylum policies - redefining security in the European region
Essay - 7 pages - European union
In February 2003, Tony Blair proposed at the Thessaloniki Summit to create 'transit processing centres' outside the European Union (EU) frontiers in which asylum seekers would be withheld during the time their procedure was completed. Though the proposition wasn't well received at...
The European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) - European Union as a hard power?
Essay - 4 pages - European union
With the treaty of Maastricht's coming into force in 1993, the European Community became the European Union and the Common Foreign and Security Policy became one of the three pillars of this new Union. This step of the European construction was very important because it signified the will of...
What prospects for intelligence-sharing within European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP)?
Essay - 3 pages - European union
September 11, 2001 has revealed an unprecedented threat that one could define as 'hyperterrorism'. At the time, what impressed the European observers most was the unability of the US to prevent such a violent attack from happening in its territory and European leaders swore to coordinate...
Vienna European Council, 11-12 December 1998
Essay - 2 pages - European union
In 1998, the European Council was not a community institution yet. It was an intergovernmental institution made up of the Heads of States and Governments of the Member States and of the President of the Commission. Its fundamental role was and still is to define the general political direction...
Bulgaria in the European Union: A framework (proposal) of the dissertation
Essay - 2 pages - European union
Bulgaria joined the European Union in 2007 - shortly before the world was hit by the global financial and economic crisis. The situation turned into an unprecedented challenge for the new Member State. The aim of this dissertation is to provide us with sufficient information about the current...
Civil-military relations in Kosovo - the stakes of the European involvement
Essay - 4 pages - European union
In 2003, after the outbreak of European divisions over the question of Iraq, the European Council adopted the European Strategy developed by Javier Solana in a document, 'A secure Europe in a Better World', stating that 'Europe should be ready to share in the responsibility for global...
The "No camp" in the 2009 referendum in Ireland
Essay - 5 pages - European union
To understand the context, we have to go back a couple of years, 2008. As we know, there was the first Lisbon referendum, that we can also call The Twenty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2008, which had the goal of the ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. Most of the European countries...
European Economy
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The 2004 enlargement of the European Union not only increased its number of member states, but looking at the economic, political and cultural situation of the new member countries, most of them under communist rule until recently, with the opening of the iron curtain and the disappearance of the...
"The Contribution of the European central bank in the confrontation of the crisis. The case of Greece"
Essay - 3 pages - European union
The situation of Greek's finances is catastrophic: a public deficit of 12.7% of the GDP in 2009 and 9.4% in 2010. A public debt of 300 billion euros at the end of 2009 and expected at 12.0% of the GDP in 2010 while the limit imposed by the EU is 3% of the PIB. This problem worried the markets...
How and why were the european communities created?
Essay - 3 pages - European union
The European Community called the European Union since the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992, is a political and economic community of twenty-seven member states and almost 500 million people. In this essay, I will make clear the reasons and the means which permits the EU to become a major world power...
The expansion of the European Union will undermine the basic principles of founding fathers - A Discussion
Essay - 1 pages - European union
When the European Union was first established, its founding fathers displayed the simplest of its principles. Two of the most important ones were war-free trade and a minimum of conflicts between the countries, apart from the obvious hope of increasing trade gains between the union's members,...
Translators and interpreters of the European Parliament: Do they have a role in the debate?
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The European Union is an international organization based on multiculturalism and multilingualism, which implies the presence of different ideologies. The texts we are studying are taken from a debate at the European Parliament, about women's rights in Afghanistan. This is quite a hazardous...
Turkey and the European Union: just another enlargement?
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The adhesion of Turkey into the European Union is a current debate which inflames politicians and public opinion alike. The possible adhesion of Turkey into the Union is part of a wide enlargement process, which began since the construction of what we call today the European Union. However, in...
State surveillance in Hungary
Essay - 7 pages - European union
As a general principle, all relevant evidence in a case should be available for inspection by all concerned parties. However, the public interest may dictate that certain evidence is withheld, and thus frustrate the interests of justice. We need to critically evaluate the mechanisms which exist...
The implementation of free movement and border regulation
Essay - 6 pages - European union
In 1989, Hungary made history by opening the iron curtain and allowing the citizens of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to pass through the country to West Germany. These actions not only led to the fall of the iron curtain and the Berlin wall but these were also Hungary's first steps on...
Fighting terrorism in Hungary
Essay - 9 pages - European union
Terrorism has been plaguing mankind for many years and it is not an unknown phenomenon to the European Union either. The dangers of terrorism present consistent problems in some of the member States in the European Union. This is because of different kinds of terrorist organizations and groups...
The cooperation between the criminal justice system and the drug treatment services
Essay - 10 pages - European union
The French police arrested about 15 000 drug users in 2008. The penal sanction for drug use is given in article L3421-1 in the Code of Public Health. Drugs have been consumed by many French citizens for a long time. However, since the twentieth century, this consumption has been increasing. Drug...
The Common Agricultural Policy
Essay - 10 pages - European union
Agriculture, is to date, the economic sector in which the integration of the EU members has gone the farthest. The success of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), is the result of the elaboration of some basic principles aiming to establish a common market. Since the CAP implementation in 1962,...
The Relationship between the European Union and the South Mediterranean Countries: An Incomplete partnership submitted to the union's interests and fears
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The Mediterranean area presents a particular structure. The Northern part of the region is composed of Western, developed countries belonging to the European Union, such as France, Spain, Italy and Greece. The Southern part is the African coast, including Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan,...
International organized crime in Hungary
Essay - 6 pages - European union
After the EU-accession on 1 May 2004, a great increase was witnessed in the turnover of the organized crime groups, which became more flexible and versatile, effectively penetrating more legitimate businesses. Especially as the borders opened up due to Schengen, it became much easier for crime...
The implementation of the Third Pillar of theEuropean Union in the United Kingdom
Essay - 15 pages - European union
The establishment of the European Union (EU) Policy within the third pillar of the United Kingdom (UK) has changed substantially over the past decades and more with the introduction of the Lisbon Treaty. Originally the UK had been reluctant to acknowledge or embrace European integration, due to...
