Abstract
The globalization process began thirty years ago with the borders opening promoted by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (now called World Trade Organization). In spite of the fact that 32 of the 50 LDC are members of the WTO, their influence is not as important as the United-State's and the European Union's. This phenomenon can be described as the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of political ideas through communication, transportation, and trade. Globalization allowed a lot of countries to develop their economy and to increase their incomes. However, we can notice that several countries don't always take advantage of this process: the Least Developed Countries (LDCs).
The LDCs refers to a category of countries created in 1971 by the United Nations Organization (UNO), grouping the socioeconomically least developed countries of the world together. They have the lowest Human development index (HDI). The current globalization process causes economic issues to the Least Developed Countries, but it can also being viewed as a problem at a social, political, cultural and environmental level. The aim of this coursework is to show in what extend globalisation has negative effects, in particular from the Least Developed Countries' point of view.
Agriculture is very important in the development of Least Developed Countries. For the majority of Least Developed Countries, agriculture generates 30 to 60 per cent of its growth domestically product, it represents 40 to 90 per cent of the working people and it is an important devise source (IMF.com, 2009). In consequence, we can see agriculture is the economy main point for Least Developed Countries. And yet, the developed countries introduced a large grant system in order to allow to selling its overproduction. European and American products became very attractive on international market. For example, a European cow farmer win 2 Euros per cow per day in order to help him to bear his costs (http://ec.europa.eu, 2009).
Let's see the tragic effect of this system on the economy of Senegal and Kenya. Senegal is one of Least Developed Countries. Between 1995 and 2003, a lot people lived off the onion culture. However, European countries exported their onion product to Senegal and with the PACS which is a European grant in agriculture. This allows to European onions being cheaper than local onion. As a consequence, Senegalese producer of onion made bankrupt because of globalization and this unfair competition and unemployment rate increased.
