An Innovative Water Treatment Process for the Safe Reuse of Wastewater in Agriculture in the Mediterranean Region

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An Innovative Water Treatment Process for the Safe Reuse of Wastewater in Agriculture in the Mediterranean Region

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Themes

Wastewater reuse, irrigation, agriculture, water treatment, mediterranean region, water scarcity, water resources, oxidation processes, efficiency, unconventional water, food security, environmental protection, human health, wastewater recycling

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Abstract

In this area, wastewater has been used as a source of irrigation water for centuries (MWRWG, 2007). Wastewater use poses serious risks to human health and the environment (Ganoulis, 2012; Iglesias et al., 2011). [...]
The Mediterranean region is characterised by the limited and irregular availability of water resources, both in time and in space. The region accounts for 10% of the world's population with renewable water resources of less than 1000 m3 water/inhabitant/year (Hamdy and Lacirignola, 2005).

Extract

[...] The objectives of the research project The main objective of this research project is to develop a new approach for the wastewater based on the development of porous degradable nanoparticles with high adsorption surface for the wastewater treatment to remove the safety and environmental issues of metallic nanoparticles. The project is to combine these nanoparticles with biological process as membrane bioreactor, anaerobic digestion and microbial fuel cell and to compare the efficiency of this new treatment and the traditional treatment use in wastewater treatment plant. Furthermore, the removal of pollutants from wastewater using nano-materials material will be investigated. [...]

[...] In the Drarga city (Agadir region) the treated wastewater is used to irrigate about 16 ha of some cereals, forage and vegetable crops using the drip irrigation system. This practice allows a saving of about 120 to 361 Euros/ha in terms of fertilizer and 61 to 150 Euros/ha in terms of water use. Generally, the yield of irrigated crop was doubled. This indicates that the use of unconventional water allowed getting higher water use efficiency without decrease in yield. As matter of fact, yields were higher for plants irrigated with treated wastewater (table 2). [...]

[...] These numbers indicate that there is a big potential of wastewater reuse in the Mediterranean region (Table 1). Table 1. Volumes of produced treated and reused wastewater It exists three emerging technologies using for the wastewater treatment including membrane filtration bioreactors, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), microbial fuel and UV irradiation. Another alternative method is the development of a new sustainable wastewater treatment based on the use of nanoparticles (Kaur et al, 2017). Indeed, nanocomponents uses such as nano sorbents, nano catalysts, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and nanostructured catalytic membranes (NCMs) are a very promising field. [...]

[...] Contributions Through this research, I would contribute toward understanding the situation of wastewater treatment and its reuse in agriculture. On the application front, this research will provide a technological tool to guaranty a safe reuse. More specifically, the contribution of the current work is as follows: nanotechnology and wastewater treatment. BIBLIOGRAPHY Kaur Punia Kumar K. Need for the Advanced Technologies for Wastewater Treatment. In: Kumar R., Sharma A., Ahluwalia S. (eds) Advances in Environmental Biotechnology 2017. Springer, Singapore. Meng Jiang, Yun Qi, Huan Liu. [...]

[...] It was realized with successful results for efficient water purification (Ma and Zhang, 2008). The methodology First, nanoparticles were prepared with different kind of materials (silica, degradable polymers (polycaprolactone, poly-lactic acid poly-lactic -glycolic acid polymers, carbon?.) by nanoprecipitation or with mechanical method (sonication,) and characterized. Furthermore, surface modification or coating can be envisaged to improve surface adsorption. Then, nanoparticles were characterized by size, zeta potential (with zetaszizer), shape and morphology by scanning electronic microscope. Then, these nanoparticles will be integrated in biological process and the quality of water will be evaluated and especially bacteriological, parasitological and physico-chemical parameters (BOD, COD, pH, Fecal Coliforms, EC, N-NH4, The project schedule The implementation of the project described above is a work in progress. [...]

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