Experimental and Numerical Assessment of MRI-Induced Temperature Change and SAR Distributions in Phantoms and In Vivo - Oh, S., Webb, A.G., Neuberger, T., Park, B. and Collins, C.M. (2010); Emotion skills training for medical students: a systematic review - Satterfield JM, Hughes E. (2007)

Extract

[...] Indeed, none of the skills just mentioned include a full set of skills as depicted in the table in figure however they imply some skills that overlap between sets and seem to be crucial to a positive experience as lived by the patient. The current review had a very specific approach to the subject matter, by looking at articles published from 1980 in specific medical fields and analyzing the set of keywords found. The study shows that amongst 828 articles drawn up from a simple electronic search on a set list of keywords related to emotion skills and medical students. [...]

[...] And to sum up the conclusions of this article: the concerns in the erosion of this professionalism all ultimately boil down to the lack of emotion skills taught at medical schools and being at the center of articles published in the medical community. I reckon that, although this article provides a great and in-depth overview of the urgency in the current situation and presents the problem in a clear and understandable way, it only represents a steppingstone to a broader study on those "emotion skills". [...]

[...] I reckon that this article gives a valuable insight at the end, when the author humbly accepts that the studies conducted were limited in some aspects and there is a need to further attempt the feasibility of such methods in vivo. The article does claim with a great certainty, however, that the studies are a satisfactory enough base to conclude that a simple conversion from temperature to SAR should be valid. Emotion skills training for medical students: a systematic review - Satterfield JM, Hughes E. [...]

[...] "Specific energy absorption rate (SAR) is the power absorbed in tissue due to conduction currents induced by alternating electromagnetic fields" ("Experimental and Numerical Assessment of MRI-Induced Temperature Change and SAR Distributions in Phantoms and In Vivo"). It is crucial to measure and regulate it in industries where there is a need to ensure safe levels of tissue heating. Currently, SAR provides guidelines more specific than temperature, due to the challenges in measuring and predicting the latter. Recent years have seen a proliferation of numerical calculations to predict SAR distributions while using MRI. [...]

[...] Visual representations of this experiment showing temperature and SAR distributions during the MRI of a lab rat conclusively prove that, hand in hand with the conclusions of the phantom experiments, the temperature is indeed proportional to SAR at the beginning of the heating. However, the in vivo experiments also contributed with a further key piece of information that the phantom experiments would have been unable to detect: other factors specific to the live object analyzed with the MRI, seemed to influence the linear increase of temperature in its duration. [...]