This comprehensive fact sheet summarizes everything there is to know about endocrine system disorders.
Extract
[...] Administration of insulin injection and drips ? Continuous monitoring of urine output CLIENT EDUCATION - Take insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents as prescribed. - Test blood glucose & test the urine for ketones every 3-4 hours - If meal plan cannot be followed, substitute with soft food 6-8 x per day - If vomiting, diarrhea or fever occurs, consume liquids every ½ to 1 hour to prevent dehydration & to provide calories - Notify doctor if there is: ? Vomiting, diarrhea, ? [...]
[...] Low level of these hormones is indicative of hypo functioning of pituitary gland. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT - Hormone Replacement therapy - including glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone, sex steroids, growth hormone, and vasopressin. - Watch out for sign and symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus. - Glucocorticoid replacement- should be adjusted in times of stress like acute illness, surgery, trauma and acute hospitalization. - Prepare the client for surgery and radiation. Pituitary tumors - Usually are benign and encapsulated. It usually occurs in the anterior lobe. [...]
[...] Nitroprusside sodium (Nipride) - lower BP quickly ? Phentolamine (Regitine)- alpha adrenergic blockers ? Phenoxybezamine (Dibenzyline) - long acting alpha adrenergic blockers. Used as preop med in preparation for surgery if BP is stable ? Inderal (Propanolol) - used to treat cardiac dysrhythmias ? Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (Metyrosine) - catecholamine synthesis inhibitor SURGICAL MANAGEMENT - Treatment of choice: "Adrenalectomy" - Maybe unilateral removal or bilateral (if tumors present in both adrenal glands) - Pre Op Preparation: ? Control of BP and blood volume 7-10 days prior to surgery (Metyrosine and Prazocin (Minipress) are usually given. [...]
[...] Below Normal: Hypothyroidism - Thyroid Scan ? Determine the location, size, shape and anatomic function of the thyroid tissue ? Isotopes being used: Iodine-123(¹²³I) (most commonly used), Technitium-99m , Thallium, Americium; usually given via IV ? Used scintillation detector or gamma camera BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) - Measures body's oxygen consumption at the lowest cellular activity - Patient should be put on NPO 10 - 12 hours prior to examination - Night sleep at least 8 hours and up - Instruct the patient not to get up in bed the morning of examination until the test is finished. [...]
[...] Hypotension from rapid withdrawal to catecholamine - Corticosteroid Replacement: ? Bilateral removal - lifelong therapy ? Single gland removal - days to weeks post op Addisons disease vs. Cushing syndrome CUSHING SYNDROME - There is an increase in: ? Mineralocorticoids ? Glucocorticoids ? Androgen - Amenorrhea - Breast atrophy - Clitoral enlargement - Deepening of voice - Excessive body hairs (hirsutism) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS - ADDISON'S DSE - Primarily based on clinical manifestation - Laboratories: ? blood glucose, ?sodium, - ? [...]
