Economic mutations, social ties, downward mobility, labor market, precariousness, unemployment, social integration, deindustrialization, mass unemployment, social bonds
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Abstract
This document explores how economic changes, such as deindustrialization and mass unemployment, contribute to weakening social bonds and fostering a sense of downward mobility.
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[...] Only the bankruptcies of companies and social plans have succeeded each other. Faced with this reality, in September 2020, faced with the Covid crisis, the inhabitants feared a new 'social breakdown'. Associations are a bulwark against the despair of the inhabitants and allow to maintain the social link between them. - Article from Le Monde of November 'Nord-Pas-de-Calais: a disadvantaged and very difficult region' https://www.lemonde.fr/elections-regionales-2015/article/2015/11/26/nord-pas-de-calais-une-region-defavorisee-et-en-tres-grande-difficulte_4818291_4640869.html. The Nord-Pas-de-Calais Region was known for being a mining region where there were many bankruptcies. [...]
[...] This could encourage companies to hire more of these people at a minimum price. The article then shows that the poorest risk being even poorer after this reform. - Article from Alternatives Economiques, September 'Poverty: the government's false plan' https://www.alternatives-economiques.fr/pauvrete-faux-plan-gouvernement/00108113. The article shows that poverty is becoming more and more pronounced, especially since the policies introduced by the governments elected under Macron. In a few numbers: There are 9.2 million poor people, to which we must add 1.4 million retirees million other inactive people, including students, and 2.8 million children. [...]
[...] It shows that work through these platforms further precariousizes already precarious people and that this can exacerbate wealth inequalities within countries. 2. Layoff, unemployment and social bond rupture Economic mutations such as economic crises can cause massive layoffs leading to social plans. These social plans consist of massively laying off employees from a company. Sometimes employees have spent their entire career within the company and this puts them in difficulty to find a new job afterwards, as they are not enough competent or up-to-date with technological evolutions. [...]
[...] The increasing use of short-term contracts by businesses changes the way individuals perceive work. Employees working on short-term contracts form fewer long-term ties with the company. And the company plays a less significant role in social integration and maintaining social bonds. Therefore, there is a weakening of social bonds. - Article by Alternatives Economiques of April 'Work: Europe on the path to advanced Uberization': https://www.alternatives-economiques.fr/travail-leurope-duberisation-avancee/00106462. The article shows how working conditions are changing in Europe, moving towards a 'uberization' of working conditions, particularly in the transport, delivery, and business services sectors. [...]
[...] Evolution of the unemployment rate since 2008. In yellow 2008, in red 2011, and in blue It is possible to observe that the crises are intensifying from year to year, marking the hardening of working conditions, particularly in Spain and Greece. France is not left out, as this figure has continued to increase between these 3 dates. II- The accentuated social downgrading for the middle and working classes 3. An increased precariousness of the poorest people - A report by France 3 Normandie on September of French people in a situation of precariousness?'" https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=pr%C3%A9carit%C3%A9+dans+les+ann%C3%A9es+%C3%A0+venir#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:420f0451,vid:gD84902N5yI,st:0. [...]
