The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - The Countries Other than France and Germany
Course material - 8 pages - Political science
France and Germany alone can no longer call the tune in the EU. They henceforth have to take much more into account the agenda of the other members. We shall see first that agenda, regrouping, of course, the different countries into larger groups along their affinities, and then the possible...
Tragedies: The heart of Grecian verses
Case study - 3 pages - Literature
The history of Troy stretches as far back as the beginning of time. When Paris decided to snatch Helen from under the nose of Menelaus the Spartan king that is when things took a wrong turn for Troy and for the Trojan women. The Trojan War as depicted in Euripides's ‘The Trojan Women'...
Future Opportunities, Threats, Challenges and Goals of the European Union
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The European Union is the largest and most successful political and economic union in the world, making it a key player. Research on the European Union focuses mainly on its construction, its functioning, the challenges and threats it faces. Our research aims to examine the responsibilities and...
Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited
Presentation - 7 pages - International law
The Court examined the question: "Can a State provide diplomatic protection to its citizens who hold shares in a company incorporated in a different country when shareholders' interests are impacted by actions against the company?"
The Limits of the European Model : the Failure of the Federal Dream
Course material - 3 pages - European union
The notion of "solidarité des faits" has always been the core of the EU, and the idea was that an integrated EU would grow step by step, and that it would unite people. However, there was a debate about the final goal of the EU: it should go above the way to what is a federation, but should never...
How and why is International Law Binding on States?
Essay - 3 pages - International law
While the legal nature of the subject itself has been often discussed and debated, it is generally considered that international law has legal value, notably because of its binding effect. Indeed, international law is binding on states, with obligations based on both moral and formal reasons....
European Union (EU) Law - Introduction and the different stages of integration
Course material - 8 pages - European law
European construction was imagined by politicians and people centuries ago but was achieved after WWII. In middle age, cities developed trade, and at that moment national markets were created. Traders were moving from a city to another, and these citizens made the rules of mercatoria. The...
Understanding the Russia-Georgia (2008) Using Realism and Liberalism
Case study - 4 pages - International relations
War, the sad reality of human history, frequently stems from a complex binding of geopolitical, economic, and ideological factors. The 2008 Russia-Georgia war confirms this fact. Territorial disputes, power struggles, and regional tensions characterize this confrontation. The situation in the war...
US Foreign Policy: Multilateralism vs. Unilateralism
Essay - 3 pages - Political science
In the course of international relations, the United States, as usual, faces a challenge that consists of two choices in strategy dictating methods of dealing with international problems. A feature of multilateralism, not a unilateral one, is international cooperation and participation between...
How the Trump Administration Refashioned American Strategy - Elbridge A. Colby and Aaron Wess Mitchell (2020) - The first Trump administration : isolating allies and encouraging enemies
Text commentary - 10 pages - Political science
I choose to work on the reading How the Trump Administration Refashioned American Strategy written in 2020 by Elbridge A. Colby and Aaron Wess Mitchell. When Donald Trump announced that he would seek the Republican nomination in June 2015, the media described him as an eccentric billionaire and...
The Nigeria Ogoni Investigation Commission: the role of the UNSC
Tutorials/exercises - 7 pages - International law
The Nigerian Government has been responsible for the violations of Human Rights under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966). The State of Nigeria ratified both covenants on the 29th of...
NATO and the European Union: less influence on members than on applicants in the case of Romanian Intelligence agencies
Case study - 10 pages - International relations
In 2014, during the presidential campaign, Romania's departing conservative president, Traian Basescu, declared that his principal rival, prime-minister Victor Ponta, was an undercover agent working for the foreign intelligence service. In a country where the specter of the brutal Communist...
France in NATO, in practice, not in principle?
Essay - 9 pages - Political science
In August 2011, President Nicolas Sarkozy of France praised NATO's military intervention in Libya operation, calling the Alliance "an indispensable tool" . He added that the success of the operation justified his decision to integrate France into NATO's military command in 2009, ending...
How did Anthony Lake's ideas shape US strategy in the context of the immediate post-cold war period?
Presentation - 5 pages - Political science
This document is about Anthony's Lake contribution in US strategy post-cold war.
The Donbass, How Vladimir Putin, sower of instability, became surrounded by it
Case study - 9 pages - International relations
Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2014 was motivated by a fear of NATO's expansion and Mr Putin's pursuit of the Eurasian Economic Union, as an imagined counterweight to the European Union. The conflict started following the ousting of former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych. During his...
What are the potential consequences and influence of the brexit on the UK and the EU?
Essay - 5 pages - European union
The term Brexit is an abbreviation of British Exit, which means the leaving of the United Kingdom from the European Union. January 1, 1973, is a key date for the United Kingdom: it saw its entry into the European Union (EU). But on June 23, 2016, a general referendum was held on whether Britain...
How could international law support a transition to renewable sources of energy?
Essay - 4 pages - International law
Climate change is an international issue. Indeed, no matter how much greenhouse gases emissions decrease in Europe, if the world does not act collectively climate change and its consequences will continue. But climate change is not only an international topic, it intersects with many...
Towards a European Confederation? From de Gaulle's Return to Power to the Milan European Summit (1958-1985)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
After the failure of the federal concept and the more prudent approach of the Rome Treaties, for about 30 years, the European Economic Community (EEC) seemed to develop more along the concept of a European Confederation, not a Federation, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers, Robert Schuman or...
The Republic of Germany and the German political system after World War II
Course material - 5 pages - Political science
Our conception of the Federal Republic of Germany is very different from what it was only 15 years ago. Throughout much of its history, Germany was under the leadership of dictators and was never very comfortable with democracy. Germany's first experience with democracy occurred from...
World War I
Essay - 2 pages - Modern history
In June of 1914, one man by the name of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, was assassinated. The death of this man would ultimately lead to the bloodiest conflict in all of human history up to that point. This assassination was the final trigger in the tension that was brewing between...
The United States and the World - Russia and China
Course material - 7 pages - Modern history
At the beginning of his first term, President Bush neglected Russia and considered China as the next major geopolitical adversary. At the same time, American analysts were quite confident that Washington would be able to manage the "Geostrategic Triad" between Washington, Moscow and Beijing to...
Why did Russia withdraw from World War I?
Essay - 2 pages - Modern history
Russia's retreat from world War one was mainly due poor leadership that started in the early stages of the war. The reasons for Russia's withdrawal from WW1 will be outlined in this paper. When Russia entered the war, the political leaders aimed to use the war as a uniting factor for the...
The United States and the World - Transnational problems today as seen from Washington
Course material - 12 pages - Political science
In the document issued in September 2002, "The National Security Strategy of the USA", two essential goals of US national policy were stressed: the defeat of "Global terrorism" and "to prevent our enemies from threatening us, our allies, and our friends with weapons of mass destruction". Those...
US Foreign Policy since 2001: President Bush's first term
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
The period since 2001 has been a highly active one for the US: they waged a war in Afghanistan, another in Iraq and they may be preparing another one against Iran. The official rational in Washington, at least initially, for that activity, under the motto of "the war against terror", was the...
The United States and the World: Bush's Second Term and Current Trends in the US Foreign Policy Establishment
Course material - 9 pages - Political life and election
After Bush's re-election in November 2004, there were some doubts about the kind of policy he would now follow, after the occupation of Iraq had revealed itself as a much more difficult undertaking than what the Administration had contemplated. Many felt at the time the President would vastly...
The United States and the World: Globalization in Historical Perspective
Course material - 8 pages - Modern history
The concept of globalization is not new: in his Communist Manifesto, in 1848, Karl Marx underlined that the bourgeoisie needed constantly expanding markets. Some distinctions are important. Globalization happens, or at least is discussed, in the context of several different fields, in which it...
The United States and the World: A New World Order?
Course material - 7 pages - Political science
We remember George Bush's optimism in 1990: he had announced "A New World Order", resting on the promotion of liberal democracy and free enterprise everywhere, resting on the UN (at last again effective due to the end of the Cold War) and on American benevolent hegemony. One could have the...
The United States and the World: The Sources and Tools of American Foreign Policy
Course material - 8 pages - Modern history
There is undoubtedly an American exceptionalism: the US considers itself since the 18th century to be different from Europe. It has seen itself from the beginning as a universal model: the “American way of life” (linking most strongly liberal democracy and free enterprise, two notions...
The Wilsonian tradition and its limits (1914-1945)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
President Wilson (1913-1920) renounced isolationism, which was the American tradition since Monroe: in agreement with his progressive agenda, he believed the US had to act abroad. He promoted a new internationalist doctrine. But he failed to convince either the foreign partners of the US, or, at...
In what ways conflicts between political entities in the Middle East have been shaped by the history of state formation in the area?
Essay - 6 pages - Political science
The key terms to understand such situations are "political entities" and "state formation". Speaking of political entities rather than states shows the diversity of actors that make up the political life of the Middle East and can change the configuration of the borders, ranging from paramilitary...
